Ingonyama Blog

Cryptography
Developer Tools
Ethereum
ZK Hardware

Fast Danksharding Video & Slides

Fast Danksharding video & slides presented by Tomer Solberg of Ingonyama at The Pit by Jump Crypto

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Developer Tools
ZK Hardware

Introducing Blaze: ZK Acceleration for FPGA

Blaze is a Rust library for ZK Acceleration on FPGA. It makes FPGA integration into ZK projects seamless and easy. With Blaze, any engineer can instantly start working with FPGAs.

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ZK Applications
ZK Hardware
ZK Landscape

Hardware Review: GPUs , FPGAs and Zero Knowledge Proofs

Hardware Review: GPUs , FPGAs and Zero Knowledge Proofs. An Overview of the Power of ZKP in Decentralized Systems, from scaling Ethereum to private Layer 1s, decentralized cloud, gaming, and more.

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Research Papers
Cryptography
Developer Tools
ZK Hardware

RISC Zero Prover Protocol & Analysis

A companion work to the Risc Zero white paper, this is the Risc Zero Prover Protocol and Analysis

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ZK Hardware
Developer Tools

ZK Hardware Table Stakes part 1 -MSM

MSM designs are table stakes for zk hardware acceleration. We expect that following the lead of ZPrize, new ideas and implementations will be brought to the open-source, public stage where they can be shaped, re-shaped and adjusted by users, among them ZK hardware companies, to solve real world ZK infrastructure problems.

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Research Papers
Ethereum

Unleashing Secure AI

Privacy concerns have long been a barrier to fully unlocking AI’s potential in sensitive industries. The addition of privacy-preserving technologies to AI systems will unlock generative algorithm’s greatest potential to humankind.

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ZK Applications
Cryptography
Research Papers

Fast Danksharding using ICICLE

In this blog we provide technical details on our Danksharding CUDA implementation. Using ICICLE, we have implemented a flow that can run entirely in the GPU, with only the relevant outputs to be sent to a host machine and populated on the Ethereum network.

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ZK Applications
Developer Tools

Introducing ICICLE: An Open-Source GPU Library for Zero Knowledge Acceleration

Like earlier game-changing technologies in history, the road to mass adoption and scale goes through hardware. Today we are releasing ICICLE, a new CUDA-based GPU library, to support ZK acceleration for applications like Aleo and many others. As an example application, we also present “Fast Danksharding”, our Rust implementation of a Danksharding Builder.

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Cryptography
Research Papers

A Brief History of Lookup Arguments

Includes uses of lookup protocols, Plookup, Cq (like you have never seen before), and the evolution from Plookup to Cq. zk-SNARKs have evolved in recent years focusing mostly on making them more succinct and lowering prover and verifier time. However most SNARKs are still limited to arithmetic operations that can easily be converted to polynomials.

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ZK Applications
Activities

How Zero-Knowledge Proofs Will Change Gaming Forever

Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) will transform the gaming industry. They can be implemented in two key ways: multiplayer gaming architecture and gameplay.

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Cryptography
ZK Landscape
Research Papers

Intro to ECNTT, presented at Starkware Sessions 2023

Intro to ECNTT from Starkware Sessions 2023

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Cryptography
ZK Hardware
Developer Tools

Multi-Precision Fast Modular Multiplication

Improving modular multiplication, even by a little bit, can result in significant acceleration…So obviously, we at Ingonyama are obsessed with this problem.

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Cryptography
ZK Hardware
Research Papers

Hardware-friendliness of HyperPlonk

In this note we provide the hardware perspective on HyperPlonk. We focus on the main building block, the Multivariate SumCheck protocol and compare its computational and memory complexity to that of an NTT (Number Theoretic Transform).

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ZK Applications
Activities

Zero Knowledge Proofs and the Metaverse

In the first week of December, 2022, the term “Metaverse” placed second in the Oxford English Dictionary’s competition for Word of the Year, a vote cast by over 300k people signifying a word or expression believed to have lasting cultural significance reflecting the ethos and moods of the past twelve months.

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ZK Applications
Activities

The Z Games: Pushing ZK Provers to the Extreme

A competition for accelerating real-world ZK provers, inspired by ZPRIZE and the X Games. Aleo is a blockchain for privacy-preserving applications, powered by Zero Knowledge.

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Cryptography
ZK Hardware
Developer Tools

Goldilocks NTT Trick

Polynomial arithmetic is at the heart of modern Zero Knowledge Proving (ZKP) systems. The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a crucial tool in facilitating efficient computational complexity over large polynomials encountered in ZKPs.

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ZK Applications
Developer Tools

Introducing Ingonyama - Lowering the Barrier of Entry to ZKP

We are a next-generation semiconductor collective, designing accelerators for advanced cryptography. Our mission is to lead the pack, forging the bedrock upon which applications requiring Zero Knowledge Proof performance can be built at greater speed and scale.

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Cryptography
ZK Hardware
Research Papers

“Pushing the Limits on NTT Computation”

We report on the Winograd-based implementation for the Number Theoretical Transform. It uses less multiplications than the better-known Cooley-Tuckey alternative. This optimization is important for very high order finite-fields.

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ZK Applications
Cryptography
Research Papers

Marlin & Me: A Deep Dive into the Heart of the Marlin ZK Protocol

In this article, we dive deep into the heart of the Marlin protocol introduced in [1]. The goal of the document is to provide intuition in the various technical steps involved in the protocol with necessary explanation wherever possible. We will assume some familiarity with protocols such as Groth16

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ZK Applications
Ethereum
Activities

Bridging the Multichain Universe with Zero Knowledge Proofs

Bridges are communication protocols that facilitate the transfer of information such as messages, funds or other data between blockchains. While useful, building bridges is a risky business. Some of the most expensive hacks in blockchain history have targeted bridges alone.

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Cryptography
ZK Hardware
Research Papers

Systemization of Knowledge: ZK-Friendly Hash Functions

In this article we present a systematization of knowledge (SoK) on the usage of hash functions in Zero Knowledge Proofs (ZKP’s). Since ZKP’s operate on finite fields, traditional time-tested hash functions like SHA256 are unsuitable due to overhead in proving and verification of large number of bitwise operations.

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ZK Applications
Developer Tools

Cloud-ZK: A Toolkit for Developing ZKP Acceleration in the Cloud

Zero Knowledge (ZK) technology is a fundamental building block for decentralized computing. Its two main applications are privacy-preserving computation and verifiable computation. For specific types of ZK such as SNARK and STARK-based systems, additional properties include public verifiability...

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ZK Applications
Cryptography
Research Papers
Ethereum

A Mathematical Theory of Danksharding

Danksharding is the new sharding design proposed for the Ethereum 2.0 blockchain, which introduces significant simplifications compared to previous designs. In Danksharding, the Beacon block is a periodic data structure, constructed by a Builder, whose primary concern is to enable Validators to verify the correctness and availability of its data, using constant-time sampling and verification.

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ZK Hardware
Developer Tools

PipeMSM: Hardware Acceleration for Multi-Scalar Multiplication

In this paper we present a new hardware design for MSM and implement it on FPGA. We conduct the first-ever comparison between FPGA and GPU.

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Cryptography
Developer Tools

Fast Modular Multiplication

Modular multiplication is arguably the most computationally-dominant arithmetic primitive in any cryptographic system. This note presents an efficient, hardware-friendly algorithm that, to the best of the author’s knowledge, outperforms existing algorithms to date.

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Developer Tools

Down the Rabbit Hole: Optimizing AWS F1 Direct Memory Access (DMA)

When implementing a system involving both software and hardware components, unforeseen issues always seem to occur at the interfaces.

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Developer Tools
ZK Hardware

Sparkworks - Native Hardware Acceleration in Arkworks

We demonstrate integration of our cloud-ZK FPGA acceleration by running Arkworks Groth16 over the BN254 curve This work can easily be extended to support other primitives in the Arkworks framework and various System/HW configurations

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Ethereum

Polygon’s zkEVM Fun Facts

We spotted an opportunity to share some interesting data points on their zkEVM. zkEVM Prover is the most complex part of the code. zkEVM is mostly written in Go (Prover in C++) with some utilities in Javascript / Typescript.

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Cryptography
ZK Hardware
Developer Tools

Poseidon-Hash Repository

Poseidon is a hash function designed to minimize prover and verifier complexities when zero-knowledge proofs are generated and validated. Until recently, developers using the Python programming language weren’t able to utilize Poseidon Hash, a ZK friendly hashing algorithm.

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Cryptography
ZK Hardware
ZK Applications
Developer Tools

Ingopedia: A Repo for all things ZK

A curated collection of: Resources, Articles, Lecture, Videos, Tutorials . Contribute to ingonyama-zk/ingopedia development by creating an account

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